| Title |
Direct Laser Deposition of 14Cr Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel Powders Using Y2O3 and HfO2 Dispersoids |
| Authors |
(Barton Mensah Arkhurst); (Jin-ju Park); (Chang-hoon Lee); (Jeoung Han Kim) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2017.55.8.550 |
| ISSN |
1738-8228(ISSN), 2288-8241(eISSN) |
| Keywords |
oxide dispersion strengthened steel; direct laser deposition; mechanical alloying; ultra fine grain; nano-particle |
| Abstract |
This study investigated the feasibility of using HfO2 as a dispersoid in the additive manufacturing process, compared to Y2O3. The effect of pre-annealing treatment was investigated too. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed unusually coarse deposition layers for both the HfO2 and Y2O3 dispersed oxide dispersion strengthed (ODS) steels, in both the as-milled and the pre-annealed conditions. The deposited layer of the HfO2 dispersed ODS steel had relatively coarser grains than the deposited layer of the Y2O3 dispersed ODS steel in both the as-milled and the pre-annealed conditions. Moreover, the SEM results also revealed the presence of nanometer sized particles in all the deposition layers of both Y2O3 and HfO2 dispersed ODS steels, and their number densities were far lower than those in conventional bulk ODS steels. However, transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the dispersion and retention of nanoparticles within the melt were not achieved, even with HfO2 as a dispersoid, in contrast to the results from the SEM analyses. Furthermore, the deposition layers of both the as-milled Y2O3 and HfO2 ODS steels also exhibited an unusual nano-grained structure. The microhardnesses of the HfO2 and the Y2O3 dispersed ODS steels in both the as-milled and the pre-annealed conditions were higher than the substrate. Furthermore, the Y2O3 dispersed ODS steel had a higher microhardness than the HfO2 dispersed ODS steel in both the as-milled and the pre-annealed conditions.(Received February 8, 2017; Accepted March 27, 2017) |