| Title |
An Overview of Laser Wire Directed Energy Deposition (LW-DED) Additive Manufacturing Process Using a Coaxial Laser Heat Source |
| Authors |
김욱주(Ukju Gim); 김세훈(Sehun Kim); 강태후(Taehoo Kang); 이종익(Jongik Lee); 정상희(Sanghee Jung); 한지민(Jimin Han); 이협(Hyub Lee); 이빈(Bin Lee) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2025.63.6.462 |
| ISSN |
1738-8228(ISSN), 2288-8241(eISSN) |
| Keywords |
LW-DED; Laser Wire Directed Energy Deposition; Additive Manufacturing; 3D printing |
| Abstract |
Metal additive manufacturing (AM), often referred to as metal 3D printing, is a promising and widely adopted approach for fabricating intricate components without conventional molds or casting processes. Although powder-based metal AM processes have gained significant recognition for their ability to realize complex shapes, their cost remains a major barrier to broader commercialization. To address these cost-related challenges, the use of wire-feed directed energy deposition (DED) has emerged as a potential alternative. In particular, laser-based wire directed energy deposition (LW-DED) offers an effective balance between resolution, build rate, and materials flexibility. This review first outlines the limitations of powder-based metal AM processes, highlighting issues such as low powder yield and material cost. Subsequently, it explores the fundamental operating principles of LW-DED, including laser-beam types, deposition head configurations, and their impact on process efficiency. In particular, the review highlights coaxial LW-DED, which enables more uniform material deposition and improved precision. Additionally, it examines the advantages of LW-DED (e.g., reduced material loss, lower raw-material costs, and multi-material flexibility) as well as its shortcomings (including lower resolution and potential need for post-processing). Finally, recent research trends of coaxial LW-DED systems and ongoing advancements in process monitoring, microstructure control, and machine learning-driven optimization are presented to illustrate the potential of LW-DED as a rapidly evolving, commercially viable AM technology.(Received 4 April, 2025; Accepted 1 May, 2025) |