The Journal of
the Korean Journal of Metals and Materials

The Journal of
the Korean Journal of Metals and Materials

Monthly
  • pISSN : 1738-8228
  • eISSN : 2288-8241

Editorial Office


  1. ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋‚˜๋…ธ์‹ ์†Œ์žฌ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (Dept. of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, ReCAPT Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
  2. ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ฒ ๊ฐ•๋Œ€ํ•™์› (Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea)



stress corrosion cracking, high-Mn steel, artificial seawater

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

TWIP(twin induced plasticity) ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ง๊ฐ„๊ฐ•์€ ์กฐ์„  ๋ฐ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์šฉ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ์จ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ์šฉํ™”์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค [1-4]. ์กฐ์„ /ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์šฉ ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ์จ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด(stress corrosion cracking, SCC) ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค [5,6]. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ง๊ฐ„๊ฐ•์€ ์กฐ์„ /ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์šฉ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” STS304 ๋ฐ STS316๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค [7,8]. ํ•œํŽธ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์ˆ˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ถ€์‹์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ ๊ธ‰ ๊ทœ์ • ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ -0.85 VSCE ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์Œ๊ทน์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค [9].

๊ณ ๋ง๊ฐ„๊ฐ•์€ ํฌ๋กฌ, ์งˆ์†Œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค [10-16]. ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ์›์†Œ๋กœ์จ ํฌ๋กฌ์€ FeOยทCr2O3 ๋ฐ (Fe,Ni)CrO4์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผํ™”์ด์˜จ(Cl-)์˜ ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ด ๋‚ด์‹์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค [10,11]. ๋˜ํ•œ ํฌ๋กฌ์€ ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ•์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœํ™” ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ์šฉํ•ด ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ฐ ํ”ผํŒ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค [11]. ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์˜ค์Šคํ…Œ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๊ฐ•์˜ ํ”ผํŒ…๋ถ€์‹ ๋ฐ ํ‹ˆ๋ถ€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ [12], ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์šฉ์•ก ๋‚ด์ˆ˜์†Œ ์ด์˜จ(H+)๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”๋ชจ๋Š„ ์ด์˜จ(NH4+)์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žฌ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ํ”ผํŒ… ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์›์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค [10,13,14]. ๋˜ํ•œ ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ์ด์ฐจ์ƒ์˜ ์„์ถœ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค์Šคํ…Œ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์›์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ…์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ด ํ”ผํŒ… ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ทธ๋งˆ ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ธˆ์†๊ฐ„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ฐจ์ƒ์€ ๋†’์€ ํฌ๋กฌ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์„ ๋ถ•๊ดด์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‘๋ ฅ์ง‘์ค‘๋ถ€๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๋กฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ ์ง€์—ญ(chromium-depleted zone)์„ ์ƒ์„ฑ์‹œ์ผœ ํ”ผํŒ… ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€์‹ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ•์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— CrN๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์˜ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋™ํƒœ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํฌ๋กฌ์ด ํ•จ์œ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ํ”ผํŒ… ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค [15,16].

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋†’์ธ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ง ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ง๊ฐ„๊ฐ•์˜ SCC ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ผ๋กฏ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๋œ Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ง ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์—ฐ๋งˆํ•œ ํ›„ ๋‚˜์ดํƒˆ ์šฉ์•ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—์นญํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ƒ์˜ ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด X์„  ํšŒ์ ˆ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ Thermo-Calc๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์‹ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๊ทน ์…€(saturated calomel electrode, Pt plate counter electrode, working electrode)๊ณผ ์ผ์ •์ „์œ„๊ธฐ(poentiostat, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ช…: Versa stat II)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1 mVs-1์˜ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์†๋„๋กœ ๋™์ „์œ„ ๋ถ„๊ทน์‹คํ—˜(potentio-dynamic polarization)์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋Š” ASTM D1141-98์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ 3๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ถ„๊ทน์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€์‹์ „์œ„(Ecorr)์™€ ํ”ผํŒ…์ „์œ„(Epit)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ASTM G129์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ(๋ชจ๋ธ๋ช…: MTDI, CERT-2)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ 1ร—10-6s-1์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์†๋„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ in-situ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์‹์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹(Ecorr - 0.1, 0.17, 0.28 V) ๋ฐ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด(Ecorr + 0.1 V) ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๋ฉด์€ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ(scanning electron microscope, SEM)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ SEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค์Šคํ…Œ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„์— ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 15 ฮผm ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜• ๋ถ„๊ด‘๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(energy dispersive spectrometry, EDS) ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ Fe ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ Cr ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์˜ X์„  ํšŒ์ ˆ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ Thermo-Calc๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒ๋ถ„์œจ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋‹จ์ƒ ์˜ค์Šคํ…Œ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„์— M7C3 ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” M23C6 ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณผ Cr2N ์„์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ 6์€ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„๊ทน์‹œํ—˜ ๊ณก์„ (๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5) ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ SEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6)์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์— ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€์‹์ „์œ„๋Š” -0.92์—์„œ -0.82 VSCE๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ”ผํŒ…์ „์œ„๋Š” -0.5์—์„œ -0.17 VSCE๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ ๋ง๊ฐ„๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์‹ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ”ผํŒ…๋ถ€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ทน์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ SEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ถ€์‹์€ ํ”ผํŒ…๋ถ€์‹์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผํŒ…๋ถ€์‹์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์™€ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €์†์ธ์žฅํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ(reduction in tensile elongation, RTE)์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค [17,18]. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ธ RTE๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 2์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹(Ecorr-0.1, 0.17, 0.28 V) ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด(Ecorr+ 0.1V) ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ 50~70% ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ RTE๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๋‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ RTE๊ฐ’์€ 30% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์„ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ๋ฐ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ SEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ ์ธ์žฅ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ •๋„๋Š” Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์ด ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ 2์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ RTE๊ฐ’์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ๋ง๊ฐ„๊ฐ•์˜ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์™€ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„ ํŒŒ๋ฉด์„ SEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฉด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ธ์žฅ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ธ์žฅํŒŒ๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŒŒ๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œํŽธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ์„ฑํŒŒ๋‹จ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ๋”คํ”Œ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ ์–‘์ƒ์€ M23C6 ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์ด Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10๊ณผ 11์€ (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10) ๋ฐ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11) ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฉด์„ SEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒ๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„์ธ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œํŽธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์œ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์—ฐํ•œ ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ๋”คํ”Œ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฉด ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์žฅ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ง„์ „ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ ์‹œํŽธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„์ „๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์†์ƒ์ด ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ ์–‘์ƒ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ ์•ฝํ™” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค [19,20]. ์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋ฐ”๋‹‰ ๋ถ€์‹ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค [21].

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Mn์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด 18% ๋‚ด์™ธ์ธ ๊ณ ๋ง๊ฐ„๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•ด์ˆ˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋„ ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜๋Š” Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ถ€์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์œ„์— ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๋กฌ ๋ฐ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•œ Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ์ธ๊ณตํ•ด์ˆ˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์ €์†์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•๊ณผ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด์ˆ˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž…๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ถ€์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์กฐ์žฅ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์œ„์— ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์–‘๊ทน์šฉํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์Œ๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N๊ฐ•์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ •๋„๋Š” Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N๊ฐ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ€์‹๊ท ์—ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ทน์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ”ผํŒ…๋ถ€์‹ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2018๋…„๋„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์›(KEIT)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›(20002700), ๊ต์œก๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ›„์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณตํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(2018R1A5A6075959, ERC) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  EXXON ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Figures and Tables

Fig. 1.

The schematic illustration of in-situ slow strain rate testing system in aqueous environment.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f1.jpg
Fig. 2.

The optical and SEM micrographs of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f2.jpg
Fig. 3.

The SEM micrographs and EDS analysis of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f3.jpg
Fig. 4.

The x-ray diffraction patterns and equilibrium phase diagrams calculated for (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f4.jpg
Fig. 5.

The representative cyclic polarization curves of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens measured in artificial seawater at a potential scan rate of 1 mVs-1.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f5.jpg
Fig. 6.

The SEM micrographs of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens, potentiodynamic tested in artificial seawater at a potential scan rate of 1 mVs-1.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f6.jpg
Fig. 7.

The representative stress-strain curves of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens, tested at a strain rate of 1ร—10-6s-1 in air and artificial seawater under anodic and cathodic potentials.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f7.jpg
Fig. 8.

The SEM surface morphologies of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens, SSRTed at a strain rate of 1ร—10-6s-1 in artificial seawater under anodic and cathodic potentials.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f8.jpg
Fig. 9.

The SEM fractographs of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens, SSRTed in air at a strain rate of 1ร—10-6s-1.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f9.jpg
Fig. 10.

The SEM fractographs of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens, SSRTed at a strain rate of 1ร—10-6s-1 in artificial seawater under an anodic potential.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f10.jpg
Fig. 11.

The SEM fractographs of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens, SSRTed at a strain rate of 1ร—10-6s-1 in artificial seawater under a cathodic potential.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f11.jpg
Fig. 12.

The optical micrographs of (a) Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and (b) Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens, SSRTed at a strain rate of 1ร—10-6s-1 in artificial seawater under a anodic applied potential of Ecorr + 0.1 VSCE. The specimens were cut perpendicular to the loading direction, polished and etched for micrographic observation.

../../Resources/kim/KJMM.2019.57/kjmm-2019-57-10-624f12.jpg
Table 1.

The chemical composition of Fe-Mn steels used in this study.

Alloy C Mn Si Cr N Mo Ni Fe
Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N 1.0 18 0.1 3 0.1 0.0 0.0 Bal.
Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N 0.3 19 0.1 19 0.6 1.0 0.3 Bal.
Table 2.

The slow strain rate test results of Fe18Mn3Cr0.1N and Fe19Mn19Cr0.6N specimens which were stressed at a strain rate of 1?10-6s-1 in air and artificial seawater under cathodic and anodic applied potentials.

Alloy Ecorr (VSCE) Environment Applied potential (VSCE) Yield strength (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Tensile elongation (%) RTE* (%)
Fe18Mn 3Cr0.1N -0.92 Air - 565 1,325 34.7 -
Ecorr โ€“ 0.17 V / ASW** -1.10 576 920 10.5 69.7
Ecorr + 0.10 V / ASW -0.82 564 1,036 16.2 53.3
Fe19Mn 19Cr0.6N -0.82 Air - 560 1,045 46.1 -
Ecorr โ€“ 0.28 V / ASW -1.10 601 1,026 29.5 36.0
Ecorr โ€“ 0.10 V / ASW -0.90 545 1,007 30.9 32.9
Ecorr + 0.10 V / ASW -0.69 549 1,049 33.2 28.0

* RTE (reduction in tensile elongation) = T E a i r - T E A S W T E a i r ร— 100 ( % )

** ASW: artificial seawater