The Journal of
the Korean Society on Water Environment

The Journal of
the Korean Society on Water Environment

Bimonthly
  • ISSN : 2289-0971 (Print)
  • ISSN : 2289-098X (Online)
  • KCI Accredited Journal

Editorial Office





Landscape structure, Land use type, Reference stream, Riparian vegetation

1. Introduction

ํ† ์ง€์™€ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ฐฐ์—ด์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Turner et al., 2001). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Hynes (1975)๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ์„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์œ ์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ž์—ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ด์ˆ˜์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€, ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ, ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์งˆ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Carpenter et al., 1995; Carpenter et al., 1998). ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์œ ์—ญ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์— ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ข…์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ฒด๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…์กฐ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ๋‹ค(Carpenter et al., 1995).

์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์งˆ์†Œ ์œ ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Cole et al., 1993; Mueller-Dombois and Helsel, 1996; Vitousek et al., 1997). ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ์œ ํ˜•, ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋กœ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค(Cirmo and McDonnell, 1997). ๋˜ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ธ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์€ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค(Carpenter et al., 1998).

Osborne and Wiley (1988)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ Illinois์ฃผ Salt River Basin์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ธ ๋†๋„์™€ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋„์‹œํ™” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ํŠน์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค(Johnson, Richards et al., 1997). ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์œ ์—ญ์ด ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ผ์†Œ์™€ ๋‚ฉ ๋†๋„๋„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Dentenbeck et al., 1993). ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ๋†๋„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Bennett et al., 1999; Bolstad and Swank, 1997; Geier et al., 1994; Hefting et al., 2005; Hunsaker and Levin, 1995; Johnes et al., 1996; Lowrance, 1998; Solange et al., 2003). ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ํ† ์ง€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค(Correl, 1997; Correl et al., 1992; Lowrance et al., 1997; Osborne and Kovacic, 1993).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ, ์Šต์ง€์™€ ๋ฒ”๋žŒ์› ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆฒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ† ์ง€์™€ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Naiman and Decamps, 1997). ํ•˜์ฒœ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์— ์ธ์ ‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ต๋ž€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๋Š” ์œก์ง€์˜ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋„์ž…์€ ์™„์ถฉ ์ง€์—ญ ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์งˆํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋‹ค(Mikoล‚aj et al., 2015).

๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€ ์†Œ์œ ์—ญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ, ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ข…์ข… ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ์˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์‹์ƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ํฌํšํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์˜ ํŒจ์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํŠน์ง• ์ง“๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค(Turner et al., 2001).

ํ•˜์ฒœ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ (Kelsey and West, 1998; Pollock, 1998), ๋ถ€์œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ™์žก์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Brunet and Astin, 1997). ํŠนํžˆ, ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์€ ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜, ์ธ, ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋ฐ ์•„์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Fail et al., 1987; Goss et al., 2014; Hill, 1996; Osborne and Kovacic, 1993).

U. S. EPA (2005)๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ณ€ ์™„์ถฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ํญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์งˆ์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์™„์ถฉ์ง€๋Œ€ ์กฐ์„ฑ์‹œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„œ์‹ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์•ฝ 10m ํญ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๋ฆผ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ถ€์œ ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์šฉํ•ด์„ฑ ์ธ ๋ฐ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 64%, 34% ๋ฐ 38%๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Dunn et al., 2011). ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์™„์ถฉ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ ์˜ค์—ผ์› ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Agouridis et al., 2005; Dahlin et al., 2005; Dorioz et al., 2006; Haycock and Pinay, 1993; Lee et al., 2003; Oteroa et al., 2011; Pan et al., 2008; Pan et al., 2010).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ด๋™์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ˆ˜์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Weller et al., 1998).

์Šต์ง€, ๋ฒ”๋žŒ์› ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (Fangshe et al., 2015; Lee, An et al., 2011; Turner et al., 1998), ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Connolly et al., 2015; Furnas, 2003; Johnson, Ebert et al., 1997). ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ผ๋†์‚ฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”๋žŒ์›์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋…ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋„“์€ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ํญ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ขํ˜€์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋…ผ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ•˜์ฒœ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐํ•˜์ฒœ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์น˜์œ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ณต์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋‹จํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์น˜์œ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„๋‹จํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์› ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค(An et al., 2014). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ณต์›์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ง„๋‹จํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒ๋žต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๋„์ž…๋˜์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณต์›์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›ผ์† ์ •๋„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณต์›์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ ๊ทน์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋˜๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›ผ์† ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณต์›์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๋ณต์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee, 2007; Lee et al., 2005; Lee, Jeong et al., 2011).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ์— ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹์ƒ๋„, ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„ ๋ฐ ์ข… ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ณ€ ์™„์ถฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์กด ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€ ๊ฐœํ™ฉ

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์šฉ์ธ์‹œ ์šฉ์ธ์ ํ•ด๊ณก๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ˜ธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ์ธ๊ตฐ ํฌ๊ณก๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜„๋ฉด์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ๊ด‘์ฃผ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ† ์ดŒ๋ฉด์„ ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์›์—์„œ ๋‚จํ•œ๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ์งง์€ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์ด๋ฉด์ ์€ 598.83 km2์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์œ ์—ญ์—๋Š” ์šฉ์ธ์๊ณผ ๊ด‘์ฃผ์์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฉ์ธ์์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ณต์žฅ๊ณผ ๋†€์ด๊ณต์›, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตํ†ต์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™ ์œ ์—ญ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฌด๊ฐ‘์‚ฐ(578 m), ๊ด€์‚ฐ(555 m), ํ•จ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ(340 m) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์™€ ๋ถ„์ง€์— ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€๋กœ ์–‘๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋† ๊ณต์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์–‘ํ‰๊ธฐ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ๊ณผ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 11.5โ„ƒ์™€ 1,438.2 mm์ด๊ณ , ์ตœํ•œ์›”์ธ 1์›”์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด 6.3โ„ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋‚œ์›”์ธ 8์›”์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ธฐ์˜จ์€ 17.7โ„ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„๋„์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๊ฐ•์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๋‹ค์šฐํ˜•์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค(KMA, 2015).

2.2. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.2.1. ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ์œ ํ˜• ๋ถ„์„

๊ธฐ์กด ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ๋„(๊ตญํ† ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์› ๋ฐœํ–‰)์™€ ์ •๋ฐ€ ํ˜„์กด ์‹์ƒ๋„(๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์› ๋ฐœํ–‰)๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„์„ฑ์˜์ƒ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ArcGIS 10.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ณ„ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.2.2. ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ

์‹์ƒ๋„๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹์ƒ์ด ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹์ƒ๋„๋Š” ArcGIS 10.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋กœ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ์‹์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด 7๊ฐœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€์ ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹์ƒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 1). ์ข… ์กฐ์„ฑ์€ ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ์‹๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ฌผ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Braun-Blanquet, 1964; Muller-Dombois and Ellenberg, 1974). ์ง€์†Œ ๋ณ„ ์ข… ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ DCA(detrended correspondence analysis) ์„œ์—ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์‹์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ข…์˜ ํ”ผ๋„๊ณ„๊ธ‰์„ ๊ทธ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹ํ”ผ์œจ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ „์ฒด ์ถœํ˜„์ข…์˜ ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ค‘์š”์น˜(important value)๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ถœํ˜„๋นˆ๋„ 5% ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ข…์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1.

A map showing the sites that vegetation survey was carried out.

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_f001.jpg

๊ต๋ชฉ์„ฑ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 100 m2 (10 m ร— 10 m), ๊ด€๋ชฉ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 25 m2 (5 m ร— 5 m), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ดˆ๋ณธ์˜ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ 1 m ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 4 m2 (2 m ร— 2 m), ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” 1 m2 (1 m ร— 1 m) ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ˜•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹์ƒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.2.3. ์ž์—ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ์šฐ์ ์‹์ƒ ์ ์œ ์œจ, 1๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ ์šฐ์ ์‹์ƒ ์ ์œ ์œจ, ์‹์ƒ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„ ๋ฐ ์ข… ํ’๋ถ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 1).

Table 1.

Criteria for evaluating the naturalness of stream

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_t001.jpg

๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์ถœํ˜„ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ๋ฐ 1๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ ์šฐ์ ์‹์ƒ ์ ์œ ์œจ์€ GISํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹์ƒ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(Table 2), ์ข… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ข…์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2.

Criteria for evaluating naturalness of stream based on vegetation stratification

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_t002.jpg

์ข…ํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 3).

Table 3.

Criteria for evaluating the naturalness of stream

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_t003.jpg

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ™œ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ, ์นจ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ง€, ํ•˜์ฒœ, ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ ์ด 10๊ฐœ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 2). ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ™œ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ(48.9%)์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„“์€ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์นจ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ(18.9%), ๋ฐญ(7.8%), ๋…ผ(6.4%) ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(Table 4). ๋„์‹œํ™”์ง€์—ญ์€ 5.2%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2.

A map showing land use pattern in the downstream watershed of the Gyungan stream.

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_f002.jpg
Table 4.

Land use pattern in watershed of the downstream reach in the Gyungan stream

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_t004.jpg

3.2. ์ง€์ •๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์  ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

์ง€์ •๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ ํ†  ์ง€์—ญ(Goodwin et al., 1997; Park et al., 2013)์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Fig. 3). ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด ๋ฉด์ ์€ 4.7 km2๋กœ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ์€ ๋‚™์—ฝํ™œ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ์ด 33.9%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„“์—ˆ๊ณ , ์นจ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ(27.4%), ๋ฐญ(10.9%), ์นจํ™œํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฆผ(10.1%), ๋…ผ(9.7%) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋„“์€ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ(Fig. 3, Table 5)์ด ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ง€์—ญ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3.

Topographical position and land use pattern of the sector designated as the riparian zone from the government.

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_f003.jpg
Table 5.

Land use pattern of the sector designated as the riparian zone from the government

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_t005.jpg

3.3. ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Fig. 4, Table 6), GA1 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ถ€๋“ค๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์นก๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋Šฅ์ˆ˜๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ์ด 9๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, GA2 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ณ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ํ™˜์‚ผ๋ฉ๊ตด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ์ด 10๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, GA3 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์ค„๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฌผ์–ต์ƒˆ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ์ด 13๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, GA4 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฌผ์–ต์ƒˆ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐฏ๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ์ด 11๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, GA5 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฌผ์–ต์ƒˆ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ํ™˜์‚ผ๋ฉ๊ตด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ์ด 11๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, GA6 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฌผ์–ต์ƒˆ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ํ™˜์‚ผ๋ฉ๊ตด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ์ด 8๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  GA7 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ค„๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์นก๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ์ด 10๊ฐœ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 4.

A map showing the spatial distribution of riparian vegetation in the study area(a: GA1, b: GA2, c: GA3, d: GA4, e: GA5, f: GA6, g: GA7).

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_f004.jpg
Fig. 4.

A map showing the spatial distribution of riparian vegetation in the study area(a: GA1, b: GA2, c: GA3, d: GA4, e: GA5, f: GA6, g: GA7).

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_f005.jpg
Table 6.

Vegetation type composition consisting riparian vegetation in the study area

../../Resources/kswe/31-6/images/SJBJB8_2015_v31n6_680_t006.jpg

Ph.c: Phragmites communis, S.p: Salix pseudolasiogyne, S.k: Salix koreensis, T.o: Typha orientalis, R.j: Rhus javanica, R.p: Robinia pseudoacacia, Pu.l: Pueraria lobata, G.l: Grassland, H.j: Humulus japonicus, Ail.a: Ailanthus altissima, S.g: Salix gracilistyla, P.t: Persicaria thunbergii, L.a: Lythrum anceps, Z.l: Zizania latifolia, M.s: Miscanthus sacchariflorus, P.p: Prunus persica, M.a: Morus alba, Q.v: Quercus variabilis, M.f: Mixed forest, Q.a: Quercus aliena, Qu.a: Quercus acutissima.

์ถœํ˜„ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ ์ˆ˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, GA1, GA2, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA6 ๋ฐ GA7์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5, 6, 9, 7, 7, 4 ๋ฐ 6์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

GA1, GA2, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA6 ๋ฐ GA7์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ ์šฐ์  ๋ฉด์  ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.1%, 5.8%, 5.5%, 6.5%, 5.8%, 4.7% ๋ฐ 6.7%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„๋Š” 10, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6 ๋ฐ 4๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

GA1, GA2, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA6 ๋ฐ GA7์˜ 1๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ ์šฐ์  ๋ฉด์  ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 16.1%, 21.9%, 20.7%, 22.9%, 20.4%, 21.3% ๋ฐ 23.5%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„๋Š” 8, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3 ๋ฐ 1๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

GA1 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€, ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฒฝ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋„์ž…๋œ ๋Šฅ์ˆ˜๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฒš๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์‹์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 7๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 5).

Fig. 5.

A stratification of riparian vegetation established in GA1 site. P.j: Phragmites japonica, H.j: Humulus japonicus, S.k: Salix koreensis, P.t: Persicaria thunbergii, S.r: Scirpus radicans, Gl.s: Glycine soja, Ph.a: Phalaris arundinacea, R.j: Rhus javanica, Pu.l: Pueraria lobata, Ar.p: Artemisia princeps, Pr.s: Prunus serrulata, A.f: Amorpha fruticosa, An.d: Angelica dahurica, Am.t: Ambrosia trifida, Ph.c: Phragmites communis.

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GA2 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€, ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ƒ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์€ํ–‰๋‚˜๋ฌด๋„ ์‹์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 7๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 6).

Fig. 6.

A stratification of riparian vegetation established in GA2 site. Z.l: Zizania latifolia, M.s: Miscanthus sacchariflorus, A.c: Agropyron ciliare, Ca.d: Carex dimorpholepis, S.s: Salix subfragilis, To.j: Torilis japonica, R.m: Rosa multiflora, O.b: Oenothera biennis, Er.a: Erigeron annuus, Ail.a: Ailanthus altissima, C.m: Chelidonium majus, G.b: Ginkgo biloba.

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GA3 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€, ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ƒ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•ด์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 7๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 7).

Fig. 7.

A stratification of riparian vegetation established in GA3 site. C.a: Clematis apiifolia, M.a: Morus alba, G.s: Galium spurium, Am.a: Ambrosia artemisiifolia, S.g: Salix gracilistyla, Ru.c: Rumex crispus, C.g: Carex glabrescens.

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GA4 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์นจ์ž…ํ•ด ์žˆ์–ด 6๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 8).

Fig. 8.

A stratification of riparian vegetation established in GA4 site.

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GA5 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€, ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ƒ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 7๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 9).

Fig. 9.

A stratification of riparian vegetation established in GA5 site. A.i: Aeschynomene indica, A.b: Amphicarpaea bracteata, X.s: Xanthium strumarium, L.j: Leonurus japonicus, P.l: Persicaria longiseta, P.m: Persicaria modosa.

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GA6 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€, ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ƒ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 7๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 10).

Fig. 10.

A stratification of riparian vegetation established in GA6 site. R.p: Robinia pseudoacacia, X.s: Xanthium strumarium.

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GA7 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€, ๊ด€๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ต๋ชฉ์‹์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ƒ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 7๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 11).

Fig. 11.

A stratification of riparian vegetation established in GA7 site. S.p: Salix pseudolasiogyne, Pe.a: Pennisetum alopecuroides, N.t: Nymphaea tetragona, S.v: Setaria viridis, Eq.a: Equisetum arvense, Ar.s: Artemisia selengensis.

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GA1, GA2, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA6 ๋ฐ GA7์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์ข…์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 41, 37, 43, 24, 49, 61 ๋ฐ 38๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„๋Š” 5, 4, 5, 1, 6, 9 ๋ฐ 4์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.4. ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ ์ž์—ฐ๋„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 7๊ฐœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ ์šฐ์ ๋ฉด์  ๋น„์œจ, 1๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ ์šฐ์ ๋ฉด์  ๋น„์œจ, ์‹์ƒ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„ ๋ฐ ์ข… ํ’๋ถ€๋„์˜ 5๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์ง€์†Œ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์ง€์†Œ๋Š” 46~66์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ‰๊ท  58์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์˜จ์ „์„ฑ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์  ๋ณต์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

GA4 ๋ฐ GA7 ์ง€์†Œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ณต์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์†Œ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. GA4๋Š” ์ข…ํ’๋ถ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์ผ๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋„ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์•˜๋””. GA7์€ ์ผ๋…„์ƒ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ณ , ์ข…ํ’๋ถ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(Table 7).

Table 7.

The naturalness of its site evaluated based on the riparian vegetation established in the downstream reach of the Gyungan stream

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๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์ง€์†Œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด, ์ง€์†Œ ๋ณ„ ์ €ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์™„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. GA1์€ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ข…๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. GA2๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ข…ํ’๋ถ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋„ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. GA3๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ข…ํ’๋ถ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. GA5๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. GA6๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฐ๋ฝ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(Table 7).

3.5. ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์˜ ์ข… ์กฐ์„ฑ

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ๋น„๊ต์  ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์‹์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ถ„์„ ์„œ์—ดํ™”(detrended correspondence analysis; DCA)ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹์ƒ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” I์ถ• ์ƒ์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ์€ I์ถ• ์ƒ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข… ์กฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ™์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ค€์„ค ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ต๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์‹์ƒ์ด ์ดˆ๋ณธ, ๊ด€๋ชฉ, ์•„๊ต๋ชฉ, ๊ต๋ชฉ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์œก์ƒ์‹๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Fig. 12).

Fig. 12.

A result of stand ordination based on riparian vegetation data collected in the downstream reach of the Gyungan stream and in the reference reach of the Bukhan river. Species composition of the Gyungan stream showed a difference from that of the reference reaches and was simpler than that in the reference reaches.

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3.6. ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์‹์ƒ ๋ณต์›์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์—ฐ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 825.6~2007.3 mm์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ 50~60%๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค(KMA, 2012). ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์žฅ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ๋ณธ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ƒ์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต๋ž€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ํšก๋‹จ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ถ•์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋…ผ๋†์‚ฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ํŽธ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ์€ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2005; Park et al. 2013). ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์กฐ ํ›„ ํ™์ˆ˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—๋Š” ์ œ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋†’์ด ์Œ“๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ๋ณธ์‹๋ฌผ ์šฐ์  ์‹์ƒ์€ ์ •์ฐฉํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์™ธ์ง€์ธ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™์ˆ˜์†Œํ†ต์„ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชฉ๋ณธ ์šฐ์  ์‹์ƒ์€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•˜์ฒœ์€ ๋‹ค๋…„์ƒ ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹๋ฌผ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‹์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ํ›ผ์†์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•˜์ฒœ์€ 50% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Kim, 2009). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ํ›ผ์†์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜„ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ›ผ์† ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋ณต์›์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4. Conclusion

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์œ ์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์ง€ํ”ผ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์—ญ ๋‚ด ํ† ์ง€ ์ด์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„“์€ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์š”์†Œ๋Š” ํ™œ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ, ๋ฐญ ๋ฐ ๋„์‹œํ™”์ง€์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ง€๋Š” 19.4%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 4.7 km2์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚™์—ฝํ™œ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ์ด 33.9%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„“์€ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ธ ์‚ฐ์ง€๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ์— ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฌผ์–ต์ƒˆ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐฏ๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋‹จํ’์žŽ๋ผ์ง€ํ’€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ์•„๊นŒ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ์— ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌํ’€๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐฏ๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ฐœํ‚ค๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๋А๋ฆ…๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ตฐ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์‹์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜์ฒœ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œก์ƒ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋„“์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์‹๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ด ์˜ค์—ผ์›์„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์  ๋ณต์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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